Background and Objective: The most common method of evaluating education in university students is holding an exam, which is usually accompanied by anxiety. Due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of virtual methods in exams has become common. The present study aimed to investigate the anxiety level of the Ilam University of Medical Sciences students in virtual exams and the factors affecting this parameter. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. A number of 216 students from the Ilam University of Medical Sciences were selected using the convenience sampling method. An online questionnaire was employed to collect data. The data were analyzed using independent T-tests and analysis of variance by the Stata software (version 14). Results: According to the findings, 124 (57.41%), 58 (26.85%), and 34 (15.74%) participants experienced high, moderate, and low anxiety levels in virtual exams, respectively. There was a significant difference between the field of study variable and anxiety level (P=0.018). The highest level of anxiety was among the students of biology, public health, and midwifery. Moreover, the most important cause of anxiety in students in virtual exams was failure to complete the exam on time, and the factor that caused the least amount of anxiety for students was the multiple-choice type of questions. Conclusion: Considering the high levels of anxiety in virtual exams among the students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran, especially the Faculty of Health, Nursing, and Midwifery, it is necessary to provide psychological services in this university. Furthermore, in order to reduce the factors affecting anxiety, increasing the test time, solving the problem of the limitation of returning to previous questions, and checking technical issues can be taken into consideration.